A new study co-authored by entomologist and chemical ecologist Jocelyn G. Millar investigates how long horned beetles use pheromones to communicate and locate members of their own species. The researchers found that three Neotropical beetles species produce closely related lactone compounds that differ in their three-dimensional structures, or stereoisomers. Field experiments showed that these subtle chemical differences can strongly influence beetle attraction and help distinguish between species. The findings expand our understanding of beetle chemical communication and could contribute to improved pheromone-based monitoring of long horned beetles.