The chapter by Hiroshi Fujinaga and Naoki Yamanaka examines how invasive pests spread internationally and the challenges they pose to agriculture, forestry, and ecosystems. The authors emphasize that global trade and human movement have greatly increased opportunities for non-active insects to cross borders and establish in new regions. They discuss the importance of early detection, surveillance, and risk assessment to prevent invasions before they become widespread and costly to manage. The chapter also highlights how data on insect interceptions and invasive pathways can help researchers predict which species are most likely to establish and cause damage. Overall, Fujinaga and Yamanaka argue that stronger biosecurity measures, international cooperation, and science-based monitoring are essential for reducing the impact of invasive insects worldwide.